European learning institutions in the Middle Ages Essay Example for Free

European learning institutions in the Middle Ages Essay The Monastic schools provided the basis for the universities. The main purpose for the establishment of schools was to develop literacy in the society. Through the schools people were educated and hence became wiser. These schools led to the formation of universities as many individuals begun to pursue deeper meanings, verbal clarity and places for doing analysis. During the scholasticism period, the need for a place where intellectuals could do their studies increased greatly as the number of scholars and philosophers rose. Scholars started to analyze books and other information sources through reason and argumentation. Individuals who had gone through schooling had no place to further their studies and their number was increasing. This therefore led to the rise of universities as they provided a place for further studies. During the scholastic period there were many discoveries which were meant to enhance learning. The universities came up because of the need to have intellectuals together so that they can share ideas and opinions thereby leading to more discoveries. The university was a good place to do research and for individuals to learn from others. Additionally, individuals wanted to understand the Bible better and thus get closer to its truth. The university provided a good place where people could study the Bible and hence understand it better. Background of the students During this period, education was the privilege of the members of the upper classes and thus most of the students were from the upper classes in the society. There were few students from the lower classes who had the opportunity to have formal education. This could be attributed to insufficient educational resources thereby making them expensive and thus not affordable to the lower class members. Curriculum The schools curriculum was divided into two trivium and quadrivium. Trivium was composed of grammar, dialectic and rhetoric while qaudrivium contained geometry, arithmetic, astronomy and music. In grammar, texts written by the Priscian who was a Latin grammarian were studied and applied. In dialectic, the works done by Aristotle were read while in rhetoric, the works of Cicero were studied. Arithmetic involved the study of multiplication and division, and in addition to that abacus and chronology were learned. Geometry mainly involved the study of Euclid while Astronomy involved studying the works of Bede and Pliny who was a Roman writer. In Music, the students were taught proportion, scale, music of the spheres and the harmony of the universe. During the Charlemagne period education was mainly based on written texts (Cunningham Reich, 2006). During the scholasticism period, learning was based on reasoning and argumentation. Books were chosen, read and subjected to investigation. Points of disagreements between books and other sources of information were written down and subjected to analysis using dialectics. Through the dialectics a common ground was found. During this period universities were formed and the curriculum of most universities primarily involved the study of philosophy, science, ancient culture and mathematics. In addition to studying the students were allowed to do research in their field of preference. The effects of formal educational institutions on the European society These institutions increased the gap between the rich and the poor people in the society. This can be attributed to background of the most students. Education was primarily the privilege of the upper class members and thus most of the lower class member never had the opportunity to have formal education. However, in spite of the gap in the society, the formal educational institutions provided the basis for more discoveries and developments in the European society. Through the institutions literacy in the society increased as more people improved their knowledge and skills. Additionally, the institutions reconciled different societies as translators and intermediaries were required. For instance, in translating Greek to English Muslims and Jews were utilized as translators and intermediaries. This therefore led to reconciliation between different religions as they dependent on each in enhancing learning. Furthermore, the learning institutions led to change in character as individuals begun to see things differently. This led to changes in the political scene as authoritative governments collapsed paving way for the democratic ones. Powers of the monasteries were reduced as democratic governments came into power. This is because more individuals understood their rights and hence started to fight for their rights. Word count: 717. Reference list Cunningham L. S. and J. Reich, (2006). Culture and values. Edition: 6. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth. p. 199.

Homelessness Essays -- Homeless families, social reform, outreach

Homelessness is a serious problem in our society. Every night in our nation thousands of people are on the streets. This type of behavior is considered deviant because it does not reflect the norms and values of our society. In many cases the homeless people in our country are treated as total outcasts. Many of these people have severe mental disorders. Some are victims of an economy that has failed them. One may ask how such harsh situations exist in such an advanced society. With all the money and programs created to help people it seems ridiculous that this behavior exists. In a society where people have so much how is it possible that there are still people that have so little. The homeless are humans, no different than anyone else. They have rights and privileges just as any other citizen. As fellow humans we are obligated to help those in need. The homeless are in need. They are not only in need of money, but they are also in need of our attention and our support. Homelessness is something that we as a society need to address and eliminate completely. In the past few years the number of homeless people has increased tremendously gaining the attention of the public eye. While there is debate over how many homeless people are in the United States, few disagree that the numbers are overwhelmingly high and they are growing. In the past the homeless population mainly consisted of white men who were alcoholics. Now the homeless consists of many different types of people ranging in ethical background. They have also become a younger group of people and have a variety of different reasons for their homelessness (Farr, 1986). Homeless people have no bed to keep warm in if they get a fever or if the weather is cold. They do no... ...ington: University Press of Kentucky. Works Consulted Children's Defense Fund. (1998). The state of America's children: A report from the Children's Defense Fund. Boston: Beacon Press. Fitchen, J. (1981). Poverty in rural America: A case study. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Gans, H. J. (1995). The war against the poor: The underclass and antipoverty policy. New York: BasicBooks. Garrett, P. (1996). Poor kids in a rich nation: Eating the seed corn. In Pathways from poverty educational network. University Park, PA: Northeast Regional Center for Rural Development. (ED 406 080) Katz, M. B. (1990). The undeserving poor: From the war on poverty to the war on welfare. New York: Pantheon Books. Kryder-Coe, J. H., Salamon, L. M., & Molnar, J. M. (Eds.). (1991). Homeless children and youth: A new American dilemma. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.

Patton- Fuller Community Hospital Networking Project

Week Three Individual Paper Patton- Fuller Community Hospital Networking Project CMGT 554/IT Infrastruct In week’s three individual dissection of Patton-Fuller Community Hospital Networking Department, I will discuss three topics that will help with a better understanding of the Hospital’s Networking Department. During the first topic, a complete analysis will be completed on the network systems in use. While covering the second topic, discussion on what standards may be missing from the Hospital’s current network.During last topic, I will identify the Hospital’s wireless technology in currently in use and how it may enhance the hospitals network. Patton-Fuller Community Hospital currently uses a Local Area Network (LAN) standard within the hospital with certain Departments using a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) standard. The Hospital’s top view IT network perspective has the Hospital divided into two sections, the Clinical Areas and the Adminis trative Function Areas. The entire Hospital‘s backbone (BN) network structure is a 1000 BaseT Ethernet cable.A 1000 BaseT Ethernet cable also known as IEEE 802. 3ab, is the standard for gigabit Ethernet using copper wiring (Wikipedia,  2010). However, in the second half of the Hospital’s network structure, the Clinical Areas, a 1000 BaseF Ethernet cable is the standard. A 1000 BaseF, also known as 1000Base-F, is a physical layer baseband specification for Ethernet communications over optical fibers (Wikipedia,  2010). The Departments that make up the Administrative Departments of the Hospital are The Hospital’s Executive Management, Human Resources, Operations, Facilities, Finance (Apollo, 2008).Each of the afore-mentioned Departments is connected via a 1000 Base T CAT 6 cable. Each of these departments has dedicated computers that are assigned per the individual’s title in the organization. For example, the Executive Mgmt. have Apple iMacs, 24†, 2. 4GHz, 2GB Ram, 500 MB HD, Wireless, 10/100/1000 Base T, OS Virtualization with MAC OS X Leopard & Windows XP work stations. The HR, OPNS, Finance Senior Manager Workstations are Apple iMac, 20†, 2 GHz, 350 MB HD, Wireless, 10/100/1000 Base T, OS Virtualization with MAC OS X Leopard / Windows XP OS.Personal within the Administrative Areas that are only responsible for data entry are given Thin Client Computer: HP model L1706. The Administrative Departments have two networked HP 4350 Black and White Laser Printers and one color HP 4200pht networked Laser Printer. The Administrative Department is then linked to the IT Data Center where in the IT Date Center; connections are established with servers and the internet. This circuit will be discussed later in this paper. The second half of the Hospitals network is the clinical Departments.The Clinical Departments that make up this circuit are: Radiology, Radiology Information Systems Data Center (RIS), Operating Room (OR), In tensive Clear Unit (ICU), and the Ward Floor Systems (Apollo, 2008). The Clinical Areas of the Hospital network standards is a 1000 Base F single mode fiber, Fiber Optic cable. Just as the Administrative Departments, in the Radiology Department, each Department has their own workstations. In the Radiology Department, there are seven different viewing stations, MRI, CT, X-Ray, Mammograms, PET, Nuclear Medicine, and Sonography.Each one of these station consist of a Apple Mac Pro, 2-3 GHz quad processors, 16GB RAM, 4 + 750 MD HD in RAID, Nividia FX 4500 Image Card, 2 Apple 30† Cinema Flat panel Displays, OsiriX Imaging Software, OS Virtualization with MAC OS X Leopard and windows XP Pro OS, and a APC 2 KVA back up power supply. Each Modality viewing station has its own DICOM (Digital to Film Printer), KODAK 6800 Dry Laser Printer. In addition to the Modality View Stations, the Emergency Room has one workstation with a portable X-Ray Machine.The Radiology Department also has Labor atories and a Pharmacy that are equipped with similar work stations; Apple iMac, 20† displays, 2. 4 GHz, 2 GB Ram, 500 MB HD, Fiber Card OS Virtualization w/ Mac OS X Leopard and Windows XP Pro OS. The Only differences between the two departments are the printers that they are equipped with. The Laboratories have one HP 4700pht color laser printer and the Pharmacy has two HP B&W 4350 Laser Printers. Given the magnitude of data that travels through the Radiology Department, e. g.X-Rays, CT Scans, etc†¦ the Department needs to equip its own Data Center. The RIS Data Center, short for Radiology Information Systems Data Center is the main host for the servers being used in the clinical areas of the Hospital. The RIS is equipped with an Apple Cluster Server running Mac OS Leopard Xserve w/ remote desktop. The Apple cluster has a 10 terabyte Disk Storage center. The standard being used in the RIS Data Center is the same as the rest of the Clinical areas, a 1000 Base F singl e mode fiber with each workstation equipped with a fiber card to use this standard.The RIS has Data Center workstations and two printers are attached via LAN. The OR, ICU, Ward Floor Room location, and the Nurses’ Station are also equipped with workstations that are connected via the same 1000 Base F standard. The only additional standard that the ICU and the Wards areas have is one Wireless Access Point (WAP) within each ICU and Ward. The Hospital main IT Data Center is where the 1000 Base F standard is connected to the rest of the Hospital network by a Network Gateway.The gateway is then connected to the Hospital’s BN 1000 base T CAT 6 standard. The IT Data Center is equipped with an IBM Series Z9EC Mainframe with a Linux OS, DB2 Database, 16 Processors, 32 GB Ram, and a AES Security System, â€Å"AES stands for Advance Encryption Standard,† BitZipper, 2010. The IT Data Center also has a Windows Exchange Server and an Internet Server that is connected to a Cis co Router Model 7609. The Hospital also has a Remote Access Server that uses a Cisco ASA 5510 VPN Router.Based on this week’s and prior week’s reading, The Hospital’s network architecture is missing what network topology is in use. From the IT network diagrams supplied by the organization, the Hospital seem to be a Bus network Topology, however; because there are no references to the topology, would only assume a Bus topology is in practice. According to Wikipedia, in local area networks where a bus topology is used, each machine is connected to a single cable, each computer or server is connected to a single bus cable through some kind of connector.In a Bus topology, a signal is travels from the source computer in both directions to all machines in the network until it finds the intended Mac address or IP address. The hospital is also missing rather the Hospital is connected to a, â€Å"Campus Network, Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), or a Wide Area Network (W AN),† Dennis and Fitzgerald, 2009. In addition, after reviewing the IT Diagrams, the Hospital fails to show architecture plans for a rooms in each floor of the hospital that contain the main distribution facility (MDF).The architecture plans for the MDF per floor or essential to direct and control the network traffic. However, even though the OR, ICU, and Ward Floor systems shows a 24 port FO hub per Ward or ICU, it doesn’t show how that is connected to the main server. The Hospital IT Team needs to architect plans that show each of the layers of the Hospital’s BN, e. g. Access Layer, Distribution Layer, and the Core Layer. Patton-Fuller Community Hospital Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) technology is available throughout the entire Hospital. Each of the workstation in the Hospital has wireless capabilities.The only Wire Access Points (WAP) within the hospital is in the Ward Room and in the ICU Areas of the hospital. This technology is very useful for the hosp ital and it enhances the mobility of the Doctors and Nurses. The IT diagrams do not show the use of wireless tablets or netbooks but I would assume if the technology is present then those standards are in use. In addition, one does not know the age of the hospital’s architecture so by adding a WLAN standard, the Hospital is capable of adding additional workstation without the need of running extra LAN Ethernet cable that can be both costly and demanding of the IT Team.Both the IT Data Center and the RIS Data Center have Remote Access Servers (RAS); the IT Data Center is equipped with an IBM System x3250 RAS Server and the RIS Data Center’s Apple Cluster Server has a built in RAS. With both Data Center possessing WLAN RAS Servers, the Doctors and Nurses are capable in accessing both Data Center to have full access to the patient’s full records. This standard will ensure that the patient is treated accurately by the medical staff.In conclusion, the Patton-Fuller C ommunity Hospital’s network analysis shows that the hospital uses a Local Area Network with the use of both 1000 Base T and 1000 Base F standards. However, although the provided IT diagrams showed the basic architecture layout of the network, it did not show what type of network topology it is and nor does it provided a detailed architecture plan of the BN Architecture layers. Furthermore, the Hospital’s Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) was discussed to provide evidence on the ability that the WLAN has to enhance the Hospital network.References Jerry Fitzgerald, A. D. (2009). Business Data Communication And Networking  (10th ed. ). : John Wiley & Sons Inc. Apollo Group. (2008). Network Diagrams. Retrieved from https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/secure/aapd/CIST/VOP/Healthcare/PFCH/IT/ITNetDTop. htm Apollo Group. (2008). Network Diagrams. Retrieved from https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/secure/aapd/CIST/VOP/Healthcare/PFCH/IT/ITLogNet. htm Apollo Group. (2008). Network D iagrams. Retrieved from

The Help By Kathryn Stockett - 2533 Words

The novel The Help by Kathryn Stockett took place in Jackson, Mississippi, during the 1960s, a period that saw the segregation of blacks and the prejudice of whites dominate the southern United States. The novel focused on two black maids, Aibileen Clark and Minny Jackson, and their work environment with their white employers. The racism of many high society women, like Hilly Holbrook and Elizabeth Leefolt, was showcased throughout the story. Skeeter was the outlier in her society. After returning to Jackson following her graduation from the University of Mississippi, she wanted to do something more with her life than be a white married housewife. As a result, she worked with Aibileen, Minny and other black maids to write a book that revealed the relations and treatment that maids experienced from their employers. The harsh treatment of blacks in the south and the successes and difficulties of The Civil Rights Movement were displayed through the lives of Aibileen, Minny, and Skeeter. After experiencing decades of racism and segregation, black and white people began to stand up to oppression in the 1950s. Black people were living in a society that denied them equal political, social, educational, and economic opportunity. Black people’s rights were consistently violated based purely on the color of their skin. The Civil Rights Movement began with nonviolent protests against segregationists in the south. Some of the more famous protests include the Greensboro sit ins and theShow MoreRelatedThe Help By Kathryn Stockett1028 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Help, a book about race and class relations in Jackson, Mississippi in the early 1960s,† [a time where many African Americans were fighting for equal rights.] At that time African-American women had few options but to labor as exploited domestics for wealthy white families [to be able to get food and shelter for their families†] (Site, World Socialist Web. The Help). Kathryn Stockett takes a bold step as a white woman with no experience as a maid to have two narrators in her book as AfricanRead MoreThe Help By Kathryn Stockett1131 Words   |  5 Pageswhatever you do, there is this pressure in society and within the world to look a certain way, dress a certain way, act a certain way, say certain things, and be this idea as opposed to being a person.† - Amber Tamblyn In the novel The Help, by Kathryn Stockett, the setting (1960’s, small town mississippi) helped us to understand Stockett’s purpose of highlighting the pressure society places on women, such as job availability for women or need to marry. We all experience pressure from society inRead MoreThe Help By Kathryn Stockett1740 Words   |  7 Pagesbeat with a tire iron for accidentally using the white bathroom? †¦And my cousin Shinelle in Cauter County? They burn up her car cause she went down to the voting station.’† (Stockett 120) During the 1960’s racism and violence is prominent in southern states due to the Jim Crow laws. In the novel, The Help, by Kathryn Stockett, it depicts what life was like Jackson, Mississippi during the 1960’s. The novel is told through a group of maids telling their stories to a young writer, Skeeter Phelan. TheseRead MoreThe Help By Kathryn Stockett1647 Words   |  7 PagesThe Help The Help is a debut novel written by Kathryn Stockett. This book has 3 main characters - Aibileen, Minny, and Skeeter. Skeeter interviewed local maids for a book that will show their point of view as being an African American and working for white families. The main argument of this book was about African Americans being able to survive against all odds, due to the color of their skin. This story grabs you and never let you go. I have gain so much knowledge from reading this novel. I haveRead MoreThe Help By Kathryn Stockett889 Words   |  4 PagesThe renowned novel, The Help, written by Kathryn Stockett is based on the lives of three women surrounding the ever-growing topic of racism in Mississippi of the 1950s and 1960s. Some critics think that this fiction is a general story focused mainly on the problems of racism and how relationships are affected by it. Other critics believe that Stockett created this story similar to her own life and to the life of Ablene Cooper. Ablene Coo per accused Stockett of fictionalizing her character withoutRead MoreThe Help By Kathryn Stockett1489 Words   |  6 PagesThe Help written by Kathryn Stockett takes place during the 1960s in Jackson, Mississippi where Stockett grew up. Stockett takes inspiration from the segregation witnessed in her hometown and the African American maid Demetrie, with whom she grew up with, to write a passionate yet controversial novel in which she depicts the struggle between whites and blacks along with the emotional struggle that the main characters endure throughout the novel. The Help has been widely renowned, yet disputable,Read MoreThe Help By Kathryn Stockett1324 Words   |  6 PagesWhile writing The Help, author Kathryn Stockett wanted to express the different point of views of different people in the society of the 1960s. In order to do so she wrote the story in three different perspectives. The three narrators, that tell us their life stories on being maids and an educated white woma n, are Aibileen, Minny, and Miss Skeeter. Throughout the book we hear stories about each character s childhood and how racism has affected their lives. When racism becomes intolerable to MissRead MoreThe Help By Kathryn Stockett903 Words   |  4 Pages Much has been made of the 1950s culture in America. Many look back on it fondly as a time when family values held strong and people followed the ideal path laid out for them. Kathryn Stockett’s novel, The Help, pulls back the pretty curtain on southern life in that era, showing the grime and dust resting on the metaphoric window sill. While her story focuses mainly on the injustices of institutional racism in Jackson, Mississippi, it also sheds light on the stifling gender roles of the era. BothRead MoreThe Help By Kathryn Stockett1700 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The Help, a movie based on a book written by Kathryn Stockett, was released in 2011. The Help stars Emma Stone as Skeeter, Viola Davis as Aibileen and Octavia Spencer as Minnie-three very different, extraordinary women in Mississippi during the 1960s, who build an unlikely friendship around a secret writing project that breaks societal rules and puts them all at risk. Inspired by her relationship with Constantine (her maid), Skeeter forms an idea of writing about the relationships betweenRead MoreAnalysis Of The Help By Kathryn Stockett1063 Words   |  5 Pagesthroughout the book The Help by Kathryn Stockett. These elements help to create images in the readers’ minds, which make the book a strong piece of art. At the same time, the book is also a powerful cultural artifact due to the incorporation of valuable past and present themes of culture. Even though Stockett artfully enhances her book with literary elements, The Help is a stronger cultural artifact than it is an arti stic work of literature. One artistic aspect of the book is that Stockett chose to tell the